|
|
1916
|
|
France: Claude Monet’sWater
Lilies
|
|
|
1922
|
|
United States: T. S. Eliot’sThe Waste
Land
|
|
|
1922
|
|
Ireland: James Joyce’sUlysses
|
|
|
1923
|
|
Poet William Butler Yeats wins Nobel
Prize
|
|
|
1924
|
|
France: André Breton publishes Surrealist
manifesto
|
|
|
1925
|
|
F. Scott Fitzgerald’sThe Great
Gatsby
|
|
|
1925
|
|
Franz Kafka’sThe Trial published
posthumously
|
|
|
1927
|
|
Virginia Woolf’sTo the
Lighthouse
|
|
|
1931
|
|
United States: Empire State
Building completed in New York City
|
|
|
1931
|
|
Salvador Dalí’sThe Persistence of
Memory
|
|
|
1932
|
|
Britain: Aldous Huxley’sBrave New
World
|
|
|
1937
|
|
Spain: Pablo
Picasso’sGuernica
|
|
|
1938
|
|
United States: Radio performance of H. G. Wells’s War
of the Worlds causes panic
|
|
|
1939
|
|
United States: John Steinbeck’sThe Grapes
of Wrath
|
|
|
1940
|
|
United States: Ernest Hemingway’sFor Whom
the Bell Tolls
|
|
|
1941
|
|
United States: Orson Welles’s Citizen
Kane
|
|
|
1942
|
|
United States: Edward
Hopper’sNighthawks
|
|
|
1942
|
|
France : Albert Camus’The
Stranger
|
|
|
1943
|
|
Jean-Paul Sartre’sBeing and
Nothingness
|
|
|
1946
|
|
Hermann Hesse wins Nobel
Prize
|
|
|
1948
|
|
U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
|
|
|
1949
|
|
United States: Arthur Miller’sDeath of a
Salesman
|
|
|
1949
|
|
France: Simone de Beavoir’sThe Second
Sex
|
|
|
1950
|
|
Chile: Pablo Neruda’sCanto
General
|
|
|
1952
|
|
United States: Ralph Ellison’sInvisible
Man
|
|
|
1952
|
|
Martinique: Frantz Fanon’sBlack Skin,
White Masks
|
|
|
1952
|
|
France: Samuel Beckett’sWaiting for
Godot
|
|
|
1954
|
|
United States: Elvis Presley popularizes
burgeoning genre of rock and
roll music
|
|
|
1955
|
|
United States: Vladimir
Nabokov’sLolita
|
|
|
1958
|
|
Nigeria: Chinua Achebe’sThings Fall
Apart
|
|
|
1959
|
|
Germany: Günter Grass’sThe Tin
Drum
|
|
|
1959
|
|
Italy: Federico Fellini’s La Dolce
Vita
|
|
|
c.1960
|
|
Brazil: Bossa nova music style
emerges
|
|
|
1961
|
|
Trinidad: V. S. Naipaul’sA House for Mr.
Biswas
|
|
|
1962
|
|
United States: Rachel Carson’sSilent
Spring marks rise of environmental
movement
|
|
|
1964
|
|
Mass success of the Beatles signals
internationalization of popular
culture
|
|
|
1965
|
|
Japan: Yukio Mishima’sSpring
Snow
|
|
|
1967
|
|
Colombia: Gabriel García
Márquez’sOne Hundred Years of Solitude
|
|
|
1968
|
|
Japanese writer Yasunari
Kawabata wins Nobel Prize
|
|
|
1973
|
|
United States: Thomas
Pynchon’sGravity’s Rainbow
|
|
|
1973-1978
|
|
USSR: Alexander Solzhenitsyn’sThe
Gulag Archipelago exposes Soviet labor camps
|
|
|
1975
|
|
Helsinki Accords codify human
rights
|
|
|
1977
|
|
United States: Toni Morrison’sSong of
Solomon
|
|
|
1980
|
|
Britain: Salman Rushdie’sMidnight’s
Children
|
|
|
1984
|
|
Czechoslovakia: Milan
Kundera’sThe Unbearable Lightness of Being
|
|
|
1985
|
|
Live Aid concerts raise more than
$200 million for famine relief in Ethiopia
|
|
|
1990
|
|
Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic
Verses causes uproar in Muslim countries
|
|
|
1991
|
|
South African writer Nadine
Gordimer wins Nobel Prize
|
|
|
1992
|
|
United States: Tony Kushner’sAngels in
America
|
|
|
1995
|
|
Irish poet Seamus Heaney wins Nobel
Prize
|
|
|
1995
|
|
Portugal: José
Saramago’sBlindness
|
|
|
2000
|
|
Chinese writer Gao Xingjian wins Nobel
Prize
|
1914–Present: Humanities & Culture
