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1901
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|
Anarchist Leon Czolgosz assassinates
McKinley; Vice President Teddy
Roosevelt becomes 26th president
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| |
Platt Amendment effectively turns Cuba into
U.S. dependency
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| |
Spindle top oil field discovered in Beaumont, Texas; oil exploration
rush begins
|
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| |
J. P. Morgan buys out Andrew Carnegie’s steel
holdings, creating virtual monopoly in U.S. steel industry and leading to
establishment of U.S. Steel, world’s first billion-dollar
company
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1902
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Newlands Reclamation Act allots proceeds from
public land sales toward construction of dams and reservoirs in arid
West
|
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1903
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Elkins Act outlaws railroad favoritism and
price-gouging
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| |
Henry Ford founds Ford Motor Company in
Dearborn, Michigan
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| |
Panama declares independence from Colombia at urging of United
States
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| |
W. E. B. Du Bois publishes social
treatiseThe Souls of Black Folk
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1904
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Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
increases U.S. military presence in Latin America
|
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| |
Supreme Court orders dissolution of J. P. Morgan’s Northern
Securities Company; first in series of trust-busting
cases brought against corporations
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1905
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|
U.S. Forest Service takes possession of
federal forest reserves
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| |
Roosevelt helps negotiate end to Russo-Japanese
War, wins Nobel Peace Prize
|
|
| |
In Taft-Katsura Agreement, U.S. grants Japan
dominion over Korea in order to secure U.S. dominion in
Philippines
|
|
| |
U.S. begins financial supervision of the Dominican
Republic
|
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1906
|
|
San Francisco begins to segregate Asian-American
schoolchildren
|
|
| |
San Francisco earthquake causes catastrophic
damage, leaves 250,000 homeless
|
|
| |
Roosevelt coins word muckraker to describe
writers, such as Ida Tarbell, whose investigative pieces expose corporate
immorality and political corruption
|
|
| |
Upton Sinclair publishes novel The
Jungle
|
|
| |
Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat
Inspection Act set food quality standards
|
|
| |
Hepburn Act strengthens Interstate Commerce
Commission
|
|
| |
Construction on Panama Canal begins, made
possible by Panama’s revolt from Colombia; United States gains unlimited
lease on canal
|
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| |
United States invades Cuba to quash rebellion
|
|
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1907
|
|
Oklahoma admitted to Union as 46th
state
|
|
| |
Agreement with Japan puts unofficial restrictions on Japanese, Korean
immigration
|
|
| |
United States’ Great White Fleet embarks on a world tour in order to
assert U.S. supremacy over Japanese navy
|
|
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1908
|
|
Root-Takahira Agreement firms up U.S.,
Japanese spheres of influence in Pacific
|
|
| |
Roosevelt creates National Conservation
Commission
|
|
| |
William Howard Taft elected 27th
president
|
|
| |
Henry Ford introduces Model T automobile and
installs first assembly line
|
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1909
|
|
W. E. B. Du Bois, other black leaders, and concerned whites found
National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP)
|
|
| |
Payne-Aldrich Tariff maintains status quo on
import duties
|
|
| |
Dawes Act opens 700,000 acres of native land
in Idaho, Montana, and Washington to white settlement
|
|
|
1910
|
|
Mann Act and Mann-Elkins Act regulate
employment and commerce practices
|
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1912
|
|
Woodrow Wilson elected 28th president;
third-party candidate Teddy Roosevelt (from Progressive Party,
nicknamed Bull Moose Party) becomes most
successful third-party candidate ever, with 27% of popular vote
|
|
| |
New
Mexico and Arizona admitted to Union as
47th and 48th states, completing admission of 48 contiguous
states
|
|
| |
United States occupies Nicaragua in support of conservative
government
|
|
|
1913
|
|
16th Amendment allows for establishment of
income tax
|
|
| |
17th Amendment allows for direct elections of
senators
|
|
| |
California’s Alien Land Law constricts right
of Japanese to own U.S. land
|
|
| |
Underwood Tariff sharply reduces duties on
foreign trade
|
|
| |
Federal Reserve Act creates central banking
system and Federal Reserve Board to regulate
interbank interest rates
|
|
|
1914
|
|
Panama Canal opens
|
|
| |
Clayton Antitrust Act extends parameters of
Sherman Antitrust Act
|
|
| |
Women’s activist Margaret Sanger found guilty
of obscenity for sending mailings promoting use of contraception; charges
dropped in 1916
|
|
| |
Federal Trade Commission created to regulate
commerce
|
|
| |
World War I begins in Europe
|
Progressive Era 1901–1914
